Lung Infections : Symptoms, Causes, and Treatments

A respiratory infection occurs when a virus, bacteria, or fungus enters the lungs, leading to inflammation. The severity of lung infections varies, and medical intervention may be necessary for treatment. Pneumonia, a common lung infection, impacts the smaller air sacs in the lungs. Typically stemming from contagious bacteria, it can also be triggered by viruses or fungi. Let us understand common symptoms of a lung infection and what treatment you can expect if you get one.

A lung infection can result from a virus, bacteria, or, in certain cases, a fungus. Bronchitis occurs when the large bronchial tubes responsible for air movement to and from the lungs become infected. Viruses are a more probable cause of bronchitis than bacteria.

Viruses can infect the lungs or the air passages leading to them, a condition known as bronchiolitis. This is most frequently observed in infants.

Lung infections, like pneumonia, can vary in intensity, ranging from mild to severe. Individuals with compromised immune systems or chronic conditions such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) may experience more severe cases. (1) 

Coughing aids in expelling mucus generated by inflammation in your airways and lungs and this mucus may include blood.

In case of bronchitis or pneumonia, a cough may produce thick mucus with a noticeable color like clear, white, green and yellowish grey. A persistent cough may endure for several weeks, even after other symptoms have shown improvement.(2)

The chest pain resulting from a lung infection is frequently characterized as sharp or stabbing. It typically intensifies during coughing or deep breathing, and on occasion, sharp pains may be experienced in the mid to upper back.(3)

Fever is the result of your body fighting the infection. In the case of a bacterial lung infection, your body temperature might rise to a dangerous 105°F (40.5°C). Elevated fevers exceeding 102°F (38.9°C) commonly accompany various other symptoms such as sweating, chills, muscle ache, dehydration and weakness. (4)

Muscle and back pain, referred to as myalgia, can occur with a lung infection. In some instances, inflammation in the muscles may develop, contributing to aches in the body and muscles during an infection.(5) 

A lung infection like bronchitis is frequently accompanied by flu-like symptoms, including a runny nose and sneezing. (6) 

Experiencing shortness of breath implies difficulty in breathing or an inability to take in a full breath. If you encounter breathing difficulties, it is crucial to seek immediate medical attention.

After severe pneumonia, lung capacity is reduced and muscles may be weak from being so ill. Significant weight loss can further contribute to weakness and prolong fatigue sets in

Bacterial infections are a frequent cause of lung infections. Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, and Mycoplasma pneumoniae are examples of bacteria that can cause pneumonia and other respiratory infections.

Viral infections are another common cause of lung infections, especially respiratory viruses. Influenza (flu), respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), rhinovirus, and coronaviruses (such as SARS-CoV-2, which causes COVID-19) are examples of viruses that can infect the lungs.

Fungal lung infections are less common but can occur, especially in individuals with weakened immune systems. Aspergillus, Cryptococcus, and Histoplasma are examples of fungi that can cause lung infections.

Parasitic lung infections are relatively rare but can be caused by parasites like Toxoplasma, Strongyloides, and Paragonimus.

Inhaling food, liquids, or other substances into the lungs can lead to infection. This is called aspiration pneumonia.

Exposure to certain environmental factors, such as air pollution, can irritate the respiratory system and make it more susceptible to infections.

Individuals with weakened immune systems, due to conditions like HIV/AIDS, certain medications (such as immunosuppressants), or other medical conditions, are more susceptible to lung infections.

Smoking damages the respiratory system and weakens the immune response, making smokers more prone to respiratory infections.

Conditions like chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), bronchiectasis, and cystic fibrosis can increase the risk of lung infections.

Infants, young children, and the elderly are often more susceptible to respiratory infections due to differences in immune system function.

The healthcare provider will ask about symptoms, including cough, shortness of breath, chest pain, and fever. A physical examination may involve listening to the lungs with a stethoscope to detect abnormal sounds like crackles or wheezing.

X-rays can provide images of the lungs, helping to identify areas of infection or inflammation.

A complete blood count (CBC) can show elevated white blood cell counts, indicating an immune response to infection. Blood cultures may be done to identify the specific infectious agent.

If the patient is producing sputum (mucus or phlegm), a sample may be collected and cultured to identify the bacteria, viruses, or fungi causing the infection.

This measures the oxygen level in the blood and helps assess the severity of respiratory distress.

A computed tomography (CT) scan provides detailed images of the lungs and can help identify specific patterns of infection or inflammation.

Bacterial infections typically require the use of antibiotics. In the case of a fungal lung infection, treatment may involve antifungal medications like ketoconazole or voriconazole.

You can also follow the below lung infection treatment home remedies:

In cases of more serious lung infections, hospitalization may be required for proper recovery. While admitted, you might need lung infection medicine that includes antibiotics, intravenous (IV) fluids, and respiratory therapy if breathing difficulties arise.

Along with the medical intervention important tips for recovery are:

1. Eat heart healthy food

2. Quit smoking

3. Proper rest followed by breathing exercises

4. Aerobic exercises under physiotherapist’s guidance aids in complete recovery by reducing morbidity of patient suffering from chronic lung infection.

A lung infection can manifest symptoms akin to those of a cold or flu but tends to be more intense and endure for an extended period. Viral lung infections are usually resolved by the immune system over time, while antibiotics are employed to address bacterial lung infections.

You might want to see the doctor if you have difficulty breathing, a bluish color in your lips or fingertips, severe chest pain, a high fever and cough with mucus.

Individuals aged 65 and older, children under 2 years old, and those with chronic health issues or weakened immune systems should promptly seek medical attention if they encounter any signs of a lung infection.

FAQs 

1. What is the main cause of lung problems? 

The main causes of lung problems vary but include smoking, air pollution, respiratory infections, genetic factors, occupational exposures to harmful substances, and certain medical conditions like asthma and COPD. 

 2. What are the early warning signs of lung disease? 

Early warnings signs include persistent cough, shortness of breath, wheezing, chest pain, coughing up blood, fatigue, unexplained weight loss, and frequent respiratory infections. Prompt medical evaluation is crucial. 

 3. How to clean lungs? 

To help keep lungs healthy, individuals can practice deep breathing exercises, exercise regularly, avoid smoking and exposure to secondhand smoke, maintain good indoor air quality, and stay hydrated. 

4. What is the first stage of lung disease? 

The first stage of lung disease often involves mild symptoms such as occasional coughing or shortness of breath. Early detection through medical evaluation is crucial for effective management and treatment. 

5. What is the best food to clean lungs? 

Foods that may support lung health include fruits and vegetables rich in antioxidants like berries, leafy greens, carrots, and citrus fruits, as well as omega-3 fatty acid-rich fish like salmon.